■綜説
生殖機能の制御に関わる視床下部の新規生理活性kisspeptin（キスペプチン）ニューロン
岩田 衣世, 小澤 一史
日本医科大学大学院医学研究科解剖学・神経生物学分野
The Role of Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons in Regulating Reproductive Function
Kinuyo Iwata and Hitoshi Ozawa
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
Kisspeptin neurons in the brain stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Kisspeptin neurons are mainly localized in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) in rodents. Kisspeptin neurons in the AVPV induce LH surges to stimulate ovulation in females, and those in the ARC regulate LH pulses for follicle development and spermatogenesis. This review shows that androgen and aging negatively affect kisspeptin neurons in the ARC. Additionally, kisspeptin neurons regulate prolactin release through hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons. For this reason, kisspeptin neurons may be involved in the development of hyperprolactinemia in older rats. Thus, kisspeptin neurons in the brain act as the main regulator for the release of LH, so their dysfunction leads to attenuated reproductive function.
日医大医会誌 2020; 16(2), 110-116
Key words
kisspeptin, hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone, reproduction, GPR54
Correspondence to
Kinuyo Iwata, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
E-mail：kiwata0309@nms.ac.jp
受付：2019年12月25日 受理：2020年2月10日 |
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