-Case Reports-

Gymnastic Formation-related Injury to Children in Physical Education

Takashi Araki^1,2, Masato Miyauchi^1,2, Makoto Suzaki², Taro Wakakuri², Sonoko Kirinoki², Naoko Onodera², Taro Saigusa², Akihiro Takana², Hideya Hyodo², Toshihiko Ohara², Makoto Kawai^1,2, Masahiro Yasutake¹ and Hiroyuki Yokota²

¹Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School Hospital
²Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital

Objective: Current data indicate that the rate of trauma in children during gymnastic formation is increasing, especially while creating a structure with a certain height, such as the human pyramid. The goal of the present study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of these injuries.
Methods: In this single-institution review, all children treated for a gymnastic formation-related injury at Nippon Medical School Hospital from 2013 through 2015 were identified through the institution's registry. The injury mechanism was classified, and injury severity, interventions, and outcome were examined.
Results: Eight children were treated for a gymnastic formation-related injury. They were 7 boys and 1 girl aged 10 to 15 years (mean age, 13.1±1.8 years). Neurotrauma ranging from concussion to spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality occurred in 6 patients (75%). No intracranial hemorrhagic lesions were detected. The Glasgow Coma Scale score on arrival was 15 in all 8 patients, and neurological deficits were present in 1 patient. No patient required surgical intervention. All patients made a full recovery after discharge from the hospital. No patients died. The average follow-up period was 2.1±0.9 weeks.
Conclusions: Neurotrauma is a frequent result of gymnastic formation accidents in children. Healthcare workers and teachers should recognize this type of injury, and public education that targets parents should be introduced.

J Nippon Med Sch 2015; 82: 295-299

Keywords
gymnastic formation, neurotrauma, children, physical education, human pyramid

Correspondence to
Takashi Araki, MD, Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
arakitakashishi@yahoo.co.jp

Received, July 4, 2015
Accepted, September 27, 2015