-Original-

Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Femoral Prosthesis Varus and Valgus Angle Installation on the Lateral Compartment in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Yonggui Wang^1,2, Chongyang Xu¹, Bo Yang¹, Fei Yu¹ and Ai Guo¹

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
²Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China

Background: This study used finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the effect of varus and valgus angle on the lateral compartment in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).
Methods: One patient who underwent UKA was enrolled as the subject. Thirteen working conditions of the femoral prosthesis were simulated at varus and valgus angles of 0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, and 12°. A load of 1,000 N was applied downward along the mechanical axis of the femur, and the highest stress values on the surface of the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and tibial lateral plateau cartilage in each model were recorded. The six highest points were used to calculate the mean value.
Results: The highest stress values on the surface of the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and tibial lateral plateau cartilage increased with an increase in the femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle. As compared with the standard position of the femoral prosthesis, there was no significant difference in the surface stress values of the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus and tibial lateral plateau cartilage when the femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle was less than 4° (p > 0.05). In addition, the stress magnitude on the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and tibial lateral plateau cartilage significantly increased when the femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle was greater than 4° (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The optimal femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle in UKA was less than 4°.

J Nippon Med Sch 2024; 91: 88-98

Keywords
anteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA), femoral prosthesis, biomechanical research

Correspondence to
Ai Guo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
guoai2@yeah.net

Received, March 22, 2023
Accepted, August 9, 2023